BGP confederations allow network engineers to manage the complexity and scale of large autonomous systems. BGP confederations can be seen as an alternative to BGP route reflectors, or possibly used together. The focus of this article will be solely on BGP confederation: the basic overview, usage and configuration. Why would you want …

I will start this article with a famous quote: “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world”. As you may suppose, the purpose of this article is not to explain any kind of technology, nor to dive deep into anything technical, but to make …

Network problems happen all the time and your task as a network engineer is to solve them no matter what. PingPlotter is a network monitoring, troubleshooting and diagnostic tool that will help you identify the source of problems faster and easier.

Whether you are an experienced network engineer, or an enthusiast at the beginning of your networking career, I am sure that you have thought at least once about how it would be beneficial to pass one or more of the prestigious Cisco certification exams. Besides your ambition and decision to certify, …

If you decided to read the content of this post, you probably know something (or a lot) about Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and its benefits. Or I might be wrong, and you have heard about this cool protocol numerous times, but just did not figure out how it works. In either …

As you probably know, access control lists (ACLs in further text) are a means of providing firewall protection. Except the basic division on standard and extended ACLs, we distinguish between time-based, reflexive ACLs, turbo ACLs, and many other. The focus of this article are time-based ACLs, when should you use …

Whether you are preparing for the Cisco IP Routing exam or you are an experienced network engineer planning to implement the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol, you should familiarize yourself with the capability to divide your network into separate OSPF areas. Using multiple OSPF areas reduces the frequency …

If you have ever experienced the ROMmon mode problem, you probably came across one of the following: configuration register forced the router to go to ROMmon mode during the boot process corrupt image (IOS) on Flash (indicated by bad_checksum message) router was unable to find the IOS (either on Flash …

Defining an access control list may seem a challenging and complex task, especially to those that have just delved into the world of computer networking and network security. The aim of this article is to explain the role of access control lists and basic concepts used to understand them. The …